小年是中国传统文化中的节日,因为各地风俗不同,被称为小年的日子也不尽相同, 北方地区是腊月二十三,部分南方地区是腊月二十四。
那么,问题来了,你知道小年用英语怎么说吗?本期,我们将带来小年相关的英文表达,包括小年的英文介绍、小年的习俗、小年的现代庆祝方式、过年期间必备美食的英文表达以及小年的通用祝福语,感兴趣的小伙伴速来学习吧~
一
小年的英文表达
根据《现代汉语词典》的解释,“小年”一词其实有三个义项,而每个义项对应的英语不同。
义项一:指农历腊月是小建的年份,也就是说,农历腊月只有29天,没有年三十的年份。
即:lunar year in which the last month has 29 days
即:lunar year in which the last month has 29 days
义项二:节日,腊月二十三或二十四日,旧俗这天祭灶。
即:festival on the 23rd or 24th of the 12th month of the lunar year, when sacrifices are *** de to the kitchen god
即:festival on the 23rd or 24th of the 12th month of the lunar year, when sacrifices are *** de to the kitchen god
义项三:指果树歇枝、竹子等生长得慢的年份。
即:off year; non-bearing year (for fruit trees, bamboo, etc.)
展开全文
即:off year; non-bearing year (for fruit trees, bamboo, etc.)
显然,我们今天所指的小年就是第二个义项。那么,小年到底如何译为英文呢?我们来看看官媒的报道↓
1、Little New year
《中国日报》英文版使用了这种翻译,来看看原话:
Little New Year (Chinese: Xiaonian) usually a week before the lunar New Year。
“小年”通常在农历新年前一周左右。
▲新华网英文报道
▲CGTN报道
大家都知道小年最重要的习俗就是祭灶神,因此有很多外媒将小年翻译成灶神节,在新华社的报道中,也将小年翻译成“The Kitchen God Festival ”。
除了以上三个常见的翻译外,小年的英文说法还有:直接使用拼音Xiao Nian的,根据意义翻译的preliminary *** ,或者是 Minor New Year。
▲新华网英文报道
▲人民网英文报道
2、off year
这一解释出于《汉英大辞典》,off year 是目前使用最普遍的翻译。
但是要注意这个翻译却并不贴切,因为 off year在英文解释中表示“非 *** 年”的意思, 被中国人转义为“小年”。
同时 off year在英文中还指果树、竹子的歉收年,所以 off year 的译法,与我们中国小年的祭灶习俗,等活动完全是风马牛不相及。
3、a lunar year
这一解释出于《上海译文汉英大辞典》,意思指农历腊月是小建的年份,也就是说,农历腊月只有29天,没有年三十的年份。同时《外研社汉英双语现代汉语词典》中也有类似解释。
在《汉英词典》 *** 现的对于小年的解释:festival on the 23rd or 24th of the 12th month of the lunar year, when sacrifices are *** de to the kitchen god 意思是节日,腊月二十三或二十四日,旧俗这天祭灶。
二
小年的英文介绍
小年,又称祭灶节、灶王节,是每年的腊月二十三(北方)或二十四(南方)。小年被视为整个春节活动的开始和伏笔。
Xiao Nian, or Minor Spring Festival, falls on the 23rd or 24th of the 12th month of the lunar year, and is seen as a prologue to the forthcoming Spring Festival.
小年的历史可以追溯到古代的祭祀活动,传统上是为了祭祀灶神,感谢一年的庇护。
The history of Little New Year dates back to ancient sacrificial activities, traditionally dedicated to worshipping the Kitchen God, expressing gratitude for a year of protection.
小年,通常在农历新年前一周。虽然这个节日起源于4000多年前,但中国人继承了古老的遗产,并将其与现代相适应。这个一年一度的节日通常是纪念神灵和祖先,家庭团聚,祈祷来年幸福和幸运。
Little New Year (小年), usually a week before the lunar New Year. Although the festival originated more than 4,000 years ago, the Chinese h *** e inherited the ancient legacy and fittingly adapted it to suit the modern times. The annual festival is usually *** rked by honoring gods and ancestors, family reunions and praying for happiness and luck in the coming year.
三
小年的习俗
今天是小年,是整个春节庆祝活动的开始。这个节日一般在腊月(最后一个月)二十三(北方)和腊月二十四(南方)。在这一天,人们会打扫房屋、拜灶神,求灶神向玉皇大帝汇报时为他们说好话。
Today kicks off Xiaonian (literally minor New Year), the day when people celebrate the beginning of the Spring Festival. The day falls on the 23rd (Northern China) and 24th (Southern China) of La Yue, the last month on the Chinese calendar. On this day, people clean their homes and pray to the Kitchen God, asking him to say good things for them when he reports to the Jade Emperor.
敬灶神和迎春节有各种各样的习俗。下面就让我们来看看关于“小年”的一些传统习俗:
There are numerous customs associated with honoring the Kitchen God and preparing for the Spring Festival. Here are some traditional things you should know about the Little New Year.
1、祭灶神
Offer sacrifices to the Kitchen God
小年更具特色的风俗就是“祭灶神”,具体来说就是将旧的灶神像烧掉,送“灶神”上天去禀报这家人在过去一年的善恶。到时(译者注:大年三十的晚上)将新的灶神像贴在灶台旁,也就是“接灶”。这样,来年“灶 *** ”就能继续监视并庇佑这一家人。
In one of the most distinctive traditions of the Little New Year is the b *** ning of a *** i *** ge of the Kitchen God, dispatching the god's spirit to He *** en to report on the family's conduct over the past year. The Kitchen God is then welcomed back by to the home through the pasting of a new *** i *** ge of him beside the stove. From this vantage point, the Kitchen God will oversee and protect the household for another year.
人们往往会给灶神供上猪头、鱼、豆沙、瓜果、煮熟的饺子、麦芽糖、灶糖和关东糖(一种用麦芽、小米制成的粘糖)。大部分供品是各式各样的甜品。传说这样是为了封住灶神的嘴,让他坐轿上天汇报时,只说这户人家的好话。
The offerings to the Kitchen God include pig's head, fish, sweet bean paste, melons, fruit, boiled dumplings, barley sugar, and Guandong candy, a sticky treat *** de out of glutinous millet and sprouted wheat. Most of the offerings are sweets of various varieties. It is thought that this will seal the Kitchen God's mouth and enco *** age him to only say good things about the family when he ascends to he *** en to *** ke his report. The Kitchen God will be invited to sit in a sedan chair for his trip to he *** en.
2、大扫除
House cleaning
从腊八(农历最后一个月的第八天)到小年期间,中国各地的家庭都要进行一次彻底的房屋大扫除,除旧迎新。
Between Laba Festival, on the eighth day of the last lunar month, and Little New Year, families throughout China undertake a thorough house cleaning, sweeping out the old in preparation for the New Year.
根据中 *** 间习俗, *** 魂和神明都要在腊月选择返回天上或是留在人间。传说为了确保他们及时离开,人们必须彻底清洁身体和住所,抽屉和碗柜犄角旮旯的地方也都要打扫干净。
According to Chinese folk beliefs, d *** ing the last month of the year ghosts and deities must choose either to ret *** n to He *** en or to stay on Earth. It is beli *** d that in order to ens *** e the ghosts and deities' timely depart *** e people must thoroughly clean both their persons and their dwellings, down to *** ry last drawer and cupboard.
3、贴窗花
Paste *** -cuts to windows
小年当天,人们会取下前一年的春联和窗花,贴上新的窗花、年画和各种吉祥的装饰品。
In the Little New Year, old couplets and *** -cuts from the previous Spring Festival are taken down, and new window decorations, New Year's posters, and auspicious decorations are pasted up.
4、沐浴理发
Bath and hair-cut
民间有“有钱没钱,剃头过年”的说法。小年时,人们常要沐浴理发。
As the old Chinese saying goes, whether they're rich or poor, people often h *** e a haircut before the Spring Festival. The activity of taking bath and haircut is often taken on the Little New Year.
5、办年货
Preparations for Spring Festival
从小年开始,人们就要为春节置办年货了,包括给祖先的供品、招待客人的用品,还有过年期间一家人的吃食都要提前买好。
People start to stock up necessary provisions for the Spring Festival since the Little New Year. Everything needed to *** ke offerings to the ancestors, entertain guests, and feed the family over the long holiday must be p *** chased in a *** ance.
在出发采购前,一定要列一份春节购物清单,包括肉禽蛋、果蔬、米面、烟酒糖茶;还要买香、蜡烛、零食、日历、玩具;给孩子们的新衣服和迎新年的鞭炮也不能忘。
Before setting out to the *** rket, a Spring Festival shopping list must be *** de, including *** s such as meat, poultry and eggs, fruit and vegetables, rice and flo *** , cigarettes, alcohol, sugar, and tea. Incense and candles, snacks, new calendars, and toys must also be p *** chased. Not to be forgotten are new clothes for children and firecrackers to welcome in the New Year.
中国人几 *** 来总把过年当做件大事。过年之前要做很多准备,要买很多东西,有吃的、用的、穿的、戴的、耍的、供的、干的、鲜的、生的、熟的,统名之曰“年货”。一进腊月,各闹市皆拥挤不堪,都是买年货的人,但各种东西也都涨了不少,商人趁机作一笔好生意,故有“腊月水土贵三分”之谚。
People start to stock up necessary provisions for the Spring Festival since Xiao Nian Everything needed to *** ke offerings to the ancestors, entertain guests, and feed the family over the long holiday must be p *** chased in a *** ance.
6、放 ***
Set off fireworks
过小年时,还有放 *** 、鞭炮的习俗,因为这是年前的之一炮,很重要。中国人过节都喜欢热热闹闹的,鞭炮的声响,可以渲染过节气氛,但是由于空气污染等因素,近年很多城市都是不让小年卖鞭炮、放鞭炮了。其实最重要的只要人团圆,家就热闹了,节日的气氛也就有了。
Chinese people traditionally set off fireworks d *** ing Spring Festival, in the belief that this *** s scare off the Nian and brings good fortune at the beginning of the year and good luck throughout the year.
四
小年的现代庆祝方式
1、家庭聚会(Family Reunion)
小年是家庭成员团聚的日子,共同准备迎接春节。Little New Year serves as a prelude to family gatherings, where preparations for the Spring Festival are *** de together.
2、特色美食(Regional Delicacies)
各地有各自的小年特色美食,如北方的饺子、南方的年糕。Different regions celebrate with their unique Little New Year foods, like dumplings in the north and rice cakes in the south.
(1)关于饺子的英文表达:
对于北方的小伙伴,饺子可以说是年夜饭的必备菜肴。饺子谐音“交子”,蕴 *** 辞旧迎新,拥抱未来的美好愿景。
饺子的英文可以直接使用拼音“jiaozi”,或者“Chinese dumpling”。
这里讲讲dumpling。朗文辞典对其解释是:
①a *** all round *** ss of flo *** and fat mixed with water, cooked in boiling liquid and served with meat 〔水煮的〕肉馅面团子,水饺
②a sweet dish *** de of pastry filled with fruit 水果馅点心,水果布丁
但实际上,老外理解的dumpling远不止这些。一切米面包裹馅料的食物似乎都可以称为dumpling, 其他国家的,如意大利的Tortellini、波兰的Pierogi、印度的Samosa等,都可以称作dumpling。
3、文化活动(Cult *** al Activities)
一些地区会有庙会、民俗表演等活动,展现当地的小年风情。Local temple fairs and folk perfor *** nces add to the festive atmosphere, showcasing the regional customs of Little New Year.
五
过年期间必备美食的英文表达
干果类
腰果 cashew [ˈkæʃuː]
花生 peanut
无花果 fig [fɪɡ]
榛子 filbert / hazel
栗子 chestnut [ˈtʃesnʌt]
核桃 walnut [ˈwɔːlnʌt]
杏仁 almond [ˈɑːmənd]
果脯 preserved fruit
葡萄干 raisin [ˈreɪzn]
开心果 pistachio [pɪˈstæʃiəʊ]
巴西果 Brazil nut
瓜子 melon seed
南瓜子 pumpkin seeds
什锦坚果 mixed nuts
零食
棒棒糖 lollipop
薯片 crisps [krɪsps]
爆米花 popcorn
棉花糖 *** rsh *** llow [ˌmɑːʃˈmæləʊ]
果冻 jelly
能量棒 ener *** bar
芝士条 cheese c *** l [tʃiːz kɜːl]
松软饼干 cookies
面包圈 doughnuts [ˈdəʊnʌts]
肉干 jerky
米饼 rice cake
话梅 prune [pruːn]
锅巴 rice crust
冰棒(冰果) ice (frozen ) *** er
圣代冰淇淋 sundae [ˈsʌndeɪ]
巧克力豆 *** rble chocolate barley
布丁pudding
糖果盘 candy tray
什锦糖 assorted can *** s [əˈsɔːtɪd ˈkændiz]
主食类
年糕 Nian-gao; rise cake; New Year cake
团圆饭 family reunion dinner
年夜饭 the dinner on New Year‘s Eve
饺子 Jiao-zi; Chinese dumplings
八宝饭 eight treas *** es rice pudding
汤圆 Tang-yuan; Sweet dumplings
酒水类
速溶咖啡 instant coffee
全脂奶 whole milk
矿泉水 mineral water [ˈmɪnərəl wɔːtə(r)]
不含酒精的饮料 soft drink
汽水 soda water
桔子水 orangeade [ˌɒrɪndʒˈeɪd]
水果汁 ;果子露 fruit syrup [fruːt ˈsɪrəp]
烈 *** 酒 liquor;spirit
葡萄酒(含酒精度数较低的) wine
甜酒 sweet wine
不甜的酒 dry sweet wine
汽酒 bubbing wine
黄酒;绍兴酒 yellow wine;rice wine
雪利酒 sherry
味思美酒;苦艾酒 Vermouth [vɜːˈmuːθ]
朗姆酒 rum
香槟酒 champa *** e [ʃæmˈpeɪn]
白干;高梁酒 white spirit
白兰地 Brandy
苹果酒 cider [ˈsaɪdə(r)]
威士忌 whisky [ˈwɪski]
松子酒;金酒 gin; dry gin
伏特加;俄得克酒 vodka
五味酒 punch [pʌntʃ]
*** cocktail
味美思 Vermouth [vɜːˈmuːθ]
蔬菜类
白萝卜t *** nip [ˈtɜ:nɪp]
菠菜spinach [ˈspɪnɪtʃ]
红薯sweet potato
芹菜梗celery stalk [ˈseləri stɔːk]
芦笋asparagus [əˈspærəɡəs]
莲藕lotus root [ˈloʊtəs ruːt]
白菜花cauliflower [ˈkɑːliflaʊər]
葱spring onions/green onion
洋菇mushroom
韭菜花 Chives Flower [tʃaɪvz ˈflaʊə(r)]
南瓜squash/pumpkin
苦瓜bitter melon
甜菜beet chard
青豆limb bean
大蒜garlic
姜ginger(root)
韭菜leek [liːk]
辣椒chilly
青椒green pepper
香菜coriander [ˌkɒriˈændə(r)]
四季豆string bean/green bean
绿豆芽bean/sprout
生菜lettuce
莴苣ro *** ine [rəʊˈmeɪn]
大芋头taro [ˈtɛroʊ]
小芋头eddoes
山 *** yam
水果类
李子plum
杏子apricot[ˈeɪprɪkɒt]
油桃nectarine [ˈnektəriːn]
哈密瓜honeydew(melon)
橘子tangerine
番石榴 gu *** a [ˈɡwɑːvə]
木瓜papaya
椰子coconut
草莓strawberry
干梅子prunes
酸莓cranberry
山莓raspberry
无花果fig
弥猴桃kiwi
杨桃starfruit
樱桃cherry
柚子grapefruit
酸橙lime
荔枝lychee
葡萄柚grapefruit
金桔 cumquat
红枣 red dates
六
小年通用祝福语
寄上无限的思念和最美好的祝愿,你们的女儿。
Warmest thoughts and best wishes from yo *** daughter.
someone向您献上节日的问候。
Season's greetings from someone.
寄上佳节的祝福,你们的儿子汤姆。
A holiday wish from yo *** son Tom.
愿你过个最愉快的节日。
May you h *** e the best season *** r.
愿女儿的祝福带给您欢乐。
A New year greeting to cheer you from yo *** daughter.
祝世界上更好的父母节日快乐!
Happy New year to the world's best parents!
爸爸妈妈:值此佳节,感谢您们所给予的一切。
Mom and Dad: Thank you for *** rything this holiday season!
我将回家与你们共度佳节。
I'll be home to enjoy this Christ *** s with you.
寄上一份礼物,希望你们会喜欢。
A present from me is on the way. Hope you'll like it.
但愿我能回家共度佳节。
I wish I were home for the holidays.
小年作为春节的序幕,不仅是传统节日的庆祝,更是家人团聚和文化传承的重要时刻。在这个特殊的日子里,让我们一起感受传统文化的魅力,共同期待新春的到来。
As the prelude to the Spring Festival, Little New Year is not just a celebration of tradition but a time for family reunion and cult *** al inheritance. On this special day, let's immerse o *** selves in the charm of traditional cult *** e and eagerly anticipate the arrival of the Spring Festival.
祝愿每位读者小年快乐,新春愉快!
Wishing *** ry reader a joyful Little New Year and a delightful Spring Festival!
来源 | 综合自 ***
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